Hepatitis disease is a common enzymatic process in muscles

Hepatitis disease is a common enzymatic process in muscles
Biochemical blood test: indications for prescription and decoding-Healthy Family Body fluids are the main indicator of presumed diagnosis and assessment of overall health.

What are the similarities, and how are ordinary blood tests different from biochemical tests?

In the final form, all indicators are expressed in Latin abbreviations.
Decrypt by comparing the data obtained with the reference value used in laboratory diagnosis. For diagnostic and preventive purposes, the two methods are most commonly used. In simultaneous studies, only blood from the vein can be used. Biochemistry shows that, based on the results of clinicians, the failure of specific organs and systems is assessed, the quality of microbial processes and the general condition of the body are assessed. Conductivity method of capillary biological fluid, flow cytometer, photometric method, etc. Vein biomaterial testing: colorimetry, photometry, kinetics, kinetic colorimetry, hexokinase and other tests that use chemical reagents and evaluate reactions. Evaluate the cellular part of blood, including pellets, biochemical substances-study the composition of plasma (liquid part).

The blood can be donated in a regular clinic or by you, referred by a doctor for analysis, and donated in a reimbursable way at a paid diagnostic center. Unlike capillary biological fluids, in terms of chemical composition, venous fluids are of higher quality, so the results are more accurate.

Sugar, protein, pigment and other substances. The concentration of each element indicates the function of internal organs. The overall treatment profile includes an assessment of the following basic parameters. Protein is the cornerstone of new cells, is responsible for muscle contraction, participates in protecting the body from infection, and allows hormones, acids and nutrients to flow through the blood. 61% of the protein fraction is albumin synthesized by liver cells. Diseases that accompany kidney organs, pancreas, liver, progressive malignant tumors, dehydration (dehydration).
Lower albumin levels were observed in burns and injuries. The standards for total protein and albumin are 65-85 and 34-56 for adults and 61-81 and 34-47 for children. It increases with infection, heart attack, burns, trauma, metastatic cancer. The concentration of sugar in the blood reflects the state of carbohydrate metabolism. Suffering from hyperglycemia (increase in indicators), prediabetes, type 1 or type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes in pregnant women. The limit of fasting blood glucose is 3.5-5.5. The range of protein breakdown products contained in blood is 2.8-7.2μ. Increased concentration indicates abnormal kidney function. Reduce-heavy metal poisoning, may develop into liver cirrhosis.
It is the basis of cell membranes, is a material for the synthesis of neurotransmitters and hormones, participates in the production and distribution of vitamins, and provides fat metabolism and bile acid production.
Cholesterol or low-density lipoprotein can transfer lipids from the liver to tissues and cells, while-cholesterol or high-density lipoprotein can transfer excess to the liver for use. The clinical signs of vascular atherosclerosis are related to diabetes and hypothyroidism. Low values ​​(hypocholesterolemia) indicate the death of liver cells (hepatocytes) in the development of cirrhosis, liver disease, and osteoporosis, hyperthyroidism, and heart failure. A toxic fat-soluble pigment in bile that is formed during the breakdown of hemoglobin. It is divided into free (otherwise indirect) and bundled (otherwise direct).

Abnormal bilirubin content indicates liver and hepatobiliary system organ diseases (hepatitis, cirrhosis, cholecystitis, cholangitis, etc.). An enzyme used to accelerate the chemical reaction of alanine and aspartic acid, which connects the metabolism of proteins and carbohydrates. Concentrated in liver cells (hepatocytes). When they are destroyed, it is released into the blood in large amounts, which indicates acute and chronic liver disease. An enzyme is concentrated in the cells of the heart muscle, skeletal muscle, liver, and brain neurons. Heart attack and pre-infarction state, abnormal liver cell function (hepatitis, cirrhosis), acute pancreatitis, thromboembolism and other indicators are all elevated. An enzyme that promotes the biochemical conversion of creatine and adenosine triphosphate to creatine phosphate. Responsible for enhancing the energy pulse that provides muscle contraction. The analysis shows that it has high value in the development of avascular necrosis, fibrositis (myositis, myopathy), genitourinary system malignancies, and central nervous system (central nervous system) diseases.

An enzyme that reflects the capacity of the gallbladder and bile duct. As the value increases, bile stagnation is diagnosed.
A digestive enzyme responsible for breaking down complex carbohydrates. Focus on the pancreas. The maximum content can reach 121. Increased values ​​indicate the presence of pancreatitis, gastric ulcer perforation, alcoholism, and inflammation of the appendix. It drops sharply with pancreatic necrosis, hepatitis, and liver cancer.
Analyze the content of magnesium, calcium, potassium and sodium in the human body. Biochemical results in most laboratories are available the next day. Routine blood tests include evaluation of the elements (biological fluid cells) formed and their percentages. The abbreviated form of the study consists of three indicators-white blood cells, hemoglobin, and total. The extended microscope contains 11 to 21 indicators.
Capture oxygen molecules and provide them to the body's tissues and cells with the help of red blood cell messengers. Bring carbon dioxide into the lungs for use. In addition, the table may indicate the prothrombin index, which is an assessment of coagulation. This is a set of values ​​for all types of white blood cells and their percentages. White blood cells are white, otherwise colorless blood cells, which have the function of capturing and killing bacteria, parasites, viruses and fungi that infect the human body (phagocytosis).

Mature cells and stinging cells responsible for bacterial phagocytosis-young (immature) neutrophils. An increase in neutrophils (high levels of neutrophils) is accompanied by infectious diseases caused by the infiltration of pathogenic bacteria or the activation of the body's opportunistic flora. Neutropenia (neutropenia) is a chronic infection that is slow and is characteristic of radiation sickness. Chronic neutrophil spurs are characteristic of cancer patients. With the decrease of bone marrow resources, segmental increase. They reflect the strength of the body's immune response to the invasion of allergens, viruses, and bacteria. Lymphopenia (decreased lymphocyte cell level) is observed in autoimmune diseases. An increase in lymphocytes (increase in value) indicates an infection in the body.

They destroy and digest pathogenic fungi and viruses, preventing cancer cells from multiplying. Mononucleosis (tuberculosis, lymphogranuloma, candidiasis) is accompanied by mononucleosis (high concentration of monocytes). Monocytopenia (low incidence) is a typical phenomenon in the development of streptococcal and staphylococcal infections. The location of inflammation can be determined by the patient's main complaint.
Preparing for the delivery of biological material ensures the most accurate results. The preparation algorithm is as follows. Eliminate fatty foods and alcoholic beverages from your diet within 2-3 days. Foods rich in lipids increase plasma turbidity and make examination difficult.
Ethanol slows down the synthesis of glucose, lowers blood sugar levels, and dissolves red blood cell membranes so that they cannot move, thereby artificially lowering hemoglobin levels.
On the eve of surgery, give up sports training and limit other sports activities as much as possible. Exercise will increase the indicators of all blood cells (red blood cells, platelets and white blood cells), as well as the levels of other enzymes. Blood sampling is strictly performed on an empty stomach. keep cool. Nervous tension is accompanied by leukocytosis, hyperalbuminemia, hyperglycemia, and hypercholesterolemia.
Ignoring the preparation rules, patients may be at risk of distorted results and wrong treatment. In the morning, the biological materials will be handed over in a special room. The test results obtained will be entered into the laboratory form. Data decryption, diagnosis and treatment are performed by the doctor who sent it for research. How long it takes to perform blood tests depends on the workload of the laboratory. Usually, the results are given the next day.

The postgraduate process informs the doctor of the patient’s overall health status. Biochemistry gives the concept of the degree of performance of internal organs and systems. In order to obtain accurate results, you must follow the rules of the preparation process. It is not the laboratory that decrypts the final data, but the doctor who sends the final data for research. The test results are valid for 11 days to 2 weeks. In Moscow and other large cities, the research was completed in one day. A laboratory diagnostic method that provides accurate information about the state of most important organs in the body and also enables you to assess basic metabolic processes. This diagnostic method is widely used in almost all branches of medicine.

Usually, a doctor prescribes a birth test to make an accurate diagnosis. But this analysis is usually performed during the treatment of a known disease-in this case, the doctor needs the results of the study to monitor the effectiveness of the treatment.

With the help of biochemical blood tests, doctors can also detect anemia, inflammatory processes, infectious diseases, allergic reactions and coagulopathy.

On average, the body of an adult contains five to six liters of blood. In order to ensure that the accuracy of the results is not affected by any external factors, you should properly prepare for the inspection. Do not eat, smoke or drink sugary drinks for a few hours before the test. It is best to limit yourself to drinking plain water. This is why the analysis is usually scheduled in the early morning. Two days before the analysis, you need to completely abstain from alcohol and stop taking vitamin complexes and dietary supplements, as well as therapeutic and restorative herbal preparations. If you are being treated with any medication, please inform your doctor-some remedies may affect the test results. It is recommended not to exercise, bathe or sauna the day before the exam. Try to relax your day without stress and pressure. Usually, blood is drawn from a vein for biochemical blood tests. The most convenient place is to bend the elbow, but in some cases (for example, because of burns or injuries that prevent access to the bend of the elbow), the puncture is performed elsewhere.

Before puncturing the vein, the skin puncture site must be carefully treated with antiseptic. Collect 5-11 ml of blood in a sterile, dry test tube. This is a very small volume: this blood loss does not affect the patient's condition in any way.

Usually, the results of biochemical blood tests will be ready the next morning, but in many laboratories, they can be obtained even faster. You can pay an additional fee, conduct a quick analysis, and draw conclusions within a few hours.

Of course, these results apply to the attending physician who knows how to interpret them correctly. However, patients often try to figure out the indicators by themselves. Deciphering the biochemical blood test is not easy and requires special knowledge. The information we provide here is for reference only. So, what do the results of the biochemical blood test say? High protein levels are common in infectious diseases, rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis, and dehydration (for example, due to vomiting or diarrhea).

In the liver, pancreas, intestines, kidneys, hemorrhage and tumors, the protein in the blood is reduced.

They are replaced by new cells produced by the bone marrow. About 26 grams of blood need to be renewed every day.
The normal concentration of total lipids in serum is 4.5-7.0. Increased lipids are a sign of diabetes, hepatitis, obesity or jaundice. The content of cholesterol, one of the most important lipids, needs to be studied separately. The ratio of total cholesterol in the blood is 3.0–6.0. Elevated cholesterol can cause liver disease, hypothyroidism, alcohol abuse, atherosclerosis, pregnancy and oral contraceptives. Too low total cholesterol levels indicate hyperthyroidism and impaired fat absorption. Carbohydrates studied using conventional biochemical blood tests include glucose.
Diabetes, thyrotoxicosis, pheochromocytoma, Cushing’s syndrome, acromegaly, pancreatic, liver, and kidney disease, and physical and emotional overload, increase blood sugar.

A drop in glucose levels is typical of malnutrition (a drop in sugar is often observed in women with poor diet), excessive insulin, pancreatic disease, tumors, and insufficient endocrine gland function. Inorganic substances and vitamins checked during the biochemical blood test include iron, potassium, calcium, sodium, chlorine, vitamin 13 and folic acid.

Elevated iron levels are characteristic of hemolytic anemia, sickle cell anemia, aplastic anemia, acute leukemia, and uncontrolled iron supplementation. Decreased iron levels may indicate iron deficiency anemia, hypothyroidism, malignancy, and occult bleeding.

An increase in potassium indicates cell damage, dehydration, and acute kidney or adrenal insufficiency. The decrease in the content of this element is the result of long-term hunger and lack of potassium in food, prolonged vomiting or diarrhea, impaired renal function or excessive adrenal hormones. Activation of parathyroid function, malignant tumors, bone damage, sarcoidosis, excessive vitamins and dehydration can lead to increased calcium. Decreased calcium is suspected to be the cause of decreased thyroid function, vitamin deficiency, chronic renal failure, magnesium deficiency or hypoalbuminemia. Excessive salt intake, loss of extracellular fluid, hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex, signs of abnormal regulation of the water and salt metabolism center. Decreased sodium levels are characteristic of patients with kidney disease, diabetes, cirrhosis and nephrotic syndrome, and may also be the result of diuretic abuse. Signs of dehydration, acute renal failure, diabetes insipidus, salicylate poisoning, or increased adrenal cortex function. Excessive sweating, prolonged vomiting and gastric lavage were observed to decrease. Excessive folic acid in vegetarian diets and foods can lead to an increase in the content of this substance, while a lack of vitamin 13, alcoholism, malnutrition and malabsorption can lead to a decrease in the content of this substance.
An excess of this vitamin usually indicates an unbalanced diet. The same reason may cause 13 deficiency. In addition, the low content of this vitamin is a common companion for gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and malabsorption.

The low molecular weight nitrogenous substances examined in the biochemical blood test are creatinine, uric acid and urea. Excessive urea content indicates impaired kidney function, urinary tract obstruction, and increased protein content in food. This situation is also typical for burns and acute myocardial infarction. Decreased urea levels are associated with protein starvation, pregnancy, acromegaly and malabsorption. Except for acromegaly, it is the same as urea-in this pathological condition, creatinine increases. For adult males, the standard for uric acid levels is 211-421μ. Increased uric acid content is characteristic of gout, kidney failure, myeloma, pregnant women poisoning, high nucleic acid diet and strenuous physical activity, such as athletes in intense training. Wilson’s disease, Fanconi’s syndrome, and a diet lacking nucleic acids can cause lower uric acid levels. These are specific colored proteins that contain iron or copper. The final product of this protein breakdown is bilirubin. Usually, biochemical blood tests can determine the content of two such pigments-total bilirubin and direct bilirubin. Signs of cancer, liver disease, hepatitis, poisoning or cirrhosis, gallstone disease or vitamin 13 deficiency.

The increase in this index indicates acute viral or toxic hepatitis, liver infection, syphilis, cholecystitis, jaundice in pregnant women and hypothyroidism in newborns.
Elevated levels are detected in acute hepatitis, liver necrosis, myocardial infarction, skeletal muscle damage and disease, cholestasis and chronic hepatitis, severe tissue hypoxia.

The level of this enzyme increases with myocardial infarction, renal infarction, myocarditis, extensive hemolysis, pulmonary embolism, and acute hepatitis. It increases with myocardial infarction, skeletal muscle necrosis, epilepsy, myositis and muscular dystrophy. Commercial diagnostic laboratories provide multiple options for performing biochemical blood tests. Usually, not all blood is checked at once, but only one or several of the above indicators-enzymes, proteins, etc. are checked. The cost of an analysis is between 251 and 1,001 rubles.

If you need to check multiple indicators at once, it is better to save money and choose a complete biochemical blood test, which will cost 3501-5500 rubles, depending on the characteristics studied.
Don't forget that in many laboratories, blood collection from veins requires an additional fee-151-251 rubles. Routine diagnostic procedures are only prescribed when the results of general analysis reveal a certain pathological condition. Sometimes patients complain that the doctor can't find anything. However, as you can see, the same indicators can indicate multiple diseases, and in order to have complete confidence in the diagnosis, sometimes you have to perform several checks.

This does not mean that the doctor is not sure what the outcome will be. On the contrary, you are lucky that your doctor takes his work so seriously.

Diagnosis and research, and promptly prescribe treatment when necessary.
Biochemical blood tests show that at the earliest stage, when clinical symptoms such as fever, pain and other physical signs have not yet appeared, inflammation, tumors, hormones and other pathological processes will appear in the body. When the patient does not even know his condition, his analysis will tell you. The detailed decoding of biochemical blood test results in the table is the most important diagnostic tool. After understanding the norms of its components, it is possible to detect the disease early, which is the main component of effective treatment.
The biochemical blood test is not prescribed for all patients who have any complaints and seek help from the therapist: the analysis is very expensive, and certain diseases do not require analysis. In addition, suspicious kidney or liver failure and cancer were analyzed.

In some cases, other diagnostic methods are needed to make a correct diagnosis. But in most cases, in order to understand the patient's condition, a biochemical blood test is sufficient.
You must stop smoking one hour before the analysis. For men, with a few exceptions, most indicators are estimated in the same way.
This is the common name for all types of proteins in the blood. Proteins actively participate in the body's biochemical processes, catalyze chemical reactions to deliver hormones to organs and tissues, and are an important part of the body's immune defense. Protein is also responsible for maintaining acid-base balance, vascular system and heart function, and blood clotting.
These are simple carbohydrates processed by the liver to provide energy for the cells in the body. The short-term tolerable increase in blood sugar levels is due to overeating, stress, and excessive consumption of sweets. Uric acid is essentially a breakdown product of nucleic acid during digestion. In women and women, uric acid levels are normal. Likewise, during long-term treatment with allopurinol, uric acid levels decrease. Increases in urea levels are observed in kidney disease. This reduction is typical for pregnant women, people who exercise or fast. It is also caused by heavy metal poisoning or liver cirrhosis. It is a breakdown product of protein during the metabolism of muscle tissue. It does not accumulate in the body, but is excreted by the kidneys. The level of its content in the blood directly depends on the condition of the kidneys and muscles. Generally, athletes who like bodybuilding and use drugs to promote muscle growth will record an increase in creatinine. The enzyme is synthesized inside liver cells and participates in organ functions. In liver disease, its cells are destroyed and part of alanine aminotransferase enters the blood. It is located inside the cells of the heart muscle, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney, and nerve fibers, and actively participates in acid metabolism. Cholesterol participates in lipid metabolism, thereby forming cell membranes, synthesizing hormones and vitamins in the reproductive system. This is one of the main components of the plasma fat spectrum, which is secreted by the liver and enters the body from animal food.
It is a red-yellow pigment formed during the decomposition of hemoglobin in the liver, spleen and bone marrow. Generally, in the blood of an adult, its concentration is 5 to 21μ. For liver disease and suspected jaundice, bilirubin testing is required. The enzyme is present in the pancreas and salivary glands, helps carbohydrate breakdown and promotes digestion. It is formed by the decomposition of salt, alkali and acid. Electrolytes are positively or negatively charged and play an important role in the metabolic process of cellular nutrition, the formation of bone and muscle cells, the work of the neuromuscular system, the removal of excess water in the intercellular space, and the maintenance of blood acidity.
And osmotic pressure in tissues and cells. The sodium content in the blood is controlled by the adrenal cortex hormone aldosterone.

Magnesium actively participates in the metabolic processes of other electrolytes and affects the function of the heart and nervous system. An advanced laboratory test that can determine the level of enzymes, electrolytes, carbohydrate metabolites, protein, and lipid metabolism. Through this research, you can obtain information about the state of internal organs, assess metabolism and the body's needs for nutrients, vitamins and minerals. In the case of deviations in routine blood tests, biochemical analysis is performed to diagnose various diseases and monitor the effectiveness of the treatment process. Blood sampling is performed by experienced nurses in our clinic or at home. The completed results will be automatically sent to the patient’s email within 1-2 days.

The slightest change in its composition is due to deviations in the work of internal organs and metabolic systems or due to unfavorable environmental factors (bad ecological environment, harmful production). Any professional doctor who uses this analysis in his practice will obtain a reliable diagnostic tool.
Depending on the main complaint list and general clinical conditions, doctors may prescribe standard complexes and studies of individual indicators.
Adhere to a standard diet and avoid choosing exotic flavors and special dishes.
Statins, hormone drugs, and antibiotics directly affect blood biochemistry. If you cannot refuse the drug, please warn your doctor about the drug and its dosage. During the day, reduce or reduce the consumption of alcohol, sour juice, tea, coffee, and energy drinks as much as possible. Limit nicotine (last cigarette-no later than 1 hour before blood donation).
Avoid stress, exercise and physical overload.
In the morning before the operation, drink a glass of clean water without gas. Monitor the levels of trace elements and vitamins or normalize the diet in case of assimilation disorders. The blood is drawn from the vein and the process itself takes several minutes. When collecting blood, only sterile disposable instruments are used, and the skin at the puncture site is carefully treated with antibacterial agents.

Since the difference in indicators depends not only on age, gender and health status, but also on many personal characteristics of the body, only experienced doctors can replace them, so independent attempts to find the results of biochemical analysis may lead to insufficient conclusions.
There are two protein components to consider when determining total protein: albumin and globulin. It is an important indicator of immune status, osmotic pressure and metabolic activity level. Specification: 65-84 Gastrointestinal, kidney problems, thyrotoxicosis, long-term body overload.
It is used to control the condition of the pancreas and thyroid, pituitary system and adrenal glands. Specification: 3.5-5.5.
Liver disease, pancreatic tumors, destruction of the endocrine system. An important part of lipid metabolism in vitamin synthesis and a constituent element of the cell wall (participants of the hormone system). Talking about the pathological conditions of assimilation of substances in the digestive tract, infection and hormonal problems.
Total bilirubin can determine the status of the liver and gallbladder, blood system diseases and the process of infection. Specification: 5-21μ

Anemia and malnutrition (usually due to diet) can be observed.

Liver enzymes are slightly less concentrated in the heart, pancreas, and kidneys. It enters the blood during the pathological process that destroys the cell structure of the organ. An increase in background indicates infectious liver disease, namely myocardial infarction (determined by the ratio of ).

High concentrations are found in liver and cardiomyocytes. Specification: 11-41 units/liter Signs of severe necrosis, liver damage, and vitamin 6 deficiency.

It is produced by the kidneys and is therefore a direct indicator of the quality of its work. Specification: 63-116μ -male 54-98μ -female. Background reduction is observed during fasting, malnutrition and pregnancy.
Decreased concentration is a typical manifestation of pregnant women and abnormal liver function. The higher the concentration, the more active the inflammatory process.

The table contains all biochemical blood analysis specifications. Considering the general clinical situation of the patient's condition, doctors can use it to decrypt, analyze and interpret data.
It should be noted that certain indicators of male and female biochemical blood tests will be different.
You can perform biochemical analysis in the treatment room of our clinic or at home. It is satisfying to have its own modern equipment laboratory, which guarantees high precision and fast result preparation. One of the most common joint diseases. Liver Disorders: Hepatitis B | Steven-Huy Han, MD, UCLA | UCLA Digestive Diseases