Stages of Varicose Veins.
Venous Disease - Varicose Veins : Hinduja Hospital
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Varicose veinsof the lower extremities have been known to mankind since ancient times. Varicose veins can appear in other venous areas (esophagus, uterus, pelvis) and cause circulatory problems. Approximately 31% of the world’s population only have varicose veins on their legs. Serious complications (thrombophlebitis and ulcers) occurred in 26% of untreated patients. For patients, it is important to understand that varicose veins are complete degeneration of the vein wall, and the disease will only progress without the intervention of a phlebologist or vascular surgeon. 
Primary varicose veins-varicose veins of the lower extremities-occur in 21-41% of the population in developed countries. For a long time, varicose veins in the legs are just a cosmetic defect, but the progress of the disease can lead to pain, swelling of the feet and legs, and in the late stages, the skin of the legs becomes dark, inflammation and trophic ulcers.
It develops after previous venous thrombosis or due to congenital diseases (arteriovenous fistula, congenital venous dysplasia). Due to the insufficiency of the Miguelina vernon kudikiui valve formed by thrombosis or the complete closure of the deep vein lumen, venous blood begins to move through the superficial veins, secondary varicose veins appear, and venous stasis appears, especially in the lowest parts-feet and calves. Varicose veins are the result of congenital weakness of connective tissue. Such patients may also suffer from hernias, hemorrhoids and flat feet.
Long standing or sedentary work, weightlifting and weightlifting, high heels, and a sedentary lifestyle are the main factors contributing to the development of varicose veins.
The trigger mechanism of varicose veins is severe physical overwork, pregnancy and childbirth. When the load is too heavy, the pressure in the veins of the lower limbs increases sharply and damages the valve device, which triggers the mechanism of superficial varicose veins. A typical complication of varicose veins, where the obstruction of venous outflow leads to pathological changes in the tissues of the lower limbs. The disease progresses slowly but persists. The leg swelling and pain became constant, sometimes already in the afternoon, and a dark discoloration of the skin appeared in the ankle area.
Varicose phlebitis is inflammation of the vein wall, which forms blood clots in the vein cavity. In the varicose veins of this disease, 26% of patients have thrombophlebitis and pulmonary embolism.
Long-term non-healing wounds severely impaired venous outflow through deep veins and superficial veins. It occurs in 1% of the general population and 21% of patients with varicose veins. Atrophic ulcers develop in the late stage of varicose veins.
In the early stage of varicose veins, minimally invasive methods are used for intravascular varicose vein treatment-radiofrequency ablation (bonding) and laser ablation of varicose veins. Intravascular radiofrequency and laser ablation or coagulation are the most modern methods for the treatment of varicose veins. Today, it has become a good choice for traditional varicose vein removal surgery. For patients with great saphenous varicose inflow, it is widely practiced to simultaneously perform microfibrectomy (clearing the inflow through a 2 mm skin puncture). When twisted, the varicose branches of the great saphenous vein or the small saphenous vein flow out on the leg, and the trunk of the vein itself becomes larger and loses its straight line, so a combined saphenous resection is used. In the late stage of varicose veins, for venous trophic ulcers, in addition to combined cryptectomy, an endoscope can also be used to dissect connecting veins. This is an operation using video endoscope technology. If the patient's reticular veins (1 to 3 diameter) and capillaries (blood vessels) are dilated, use microsclerotherapy. Venous Disease - Varicose Veins : Hinduja Hospital